Improvement in metallic window - sashes



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. T. HARRIS. Metallic Window Sash. No. 197,124. Patented Nov. 13, I877./7a./ IC-IQZ 56.6 f

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NJ'ETEHS, PNOTO'IJYNOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. D C.

2 sheets sheet 2.

J. T. HARRIS. Metallic Window Sash.

Patented Nov. 13, 187-7.

9 l f7a.2/ Fla-22 C J NJPETERS, PHOTO-LUNGS RAPHER, WASHINGTON, n C.

.UNITED STATES be made,

PATENT Orrrcn.

JOSEPH THOMAS HARRIS, OF BRISTOL, ENGLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN METALLIC WlNDOW-SASHES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 197,124,

dated November 13, 1877; application filed August 31, 1877.

.to the letters and figures marked thereonthat is to say:

My invention has reference to the manufacture of metallic frames ofwindows and skylights from a number of detached pieces of 'bar laidtogether in the required form, and

then united by casting a boss and dovetail onto the bars at each of thejunctions. Some such mode of manufacture is partly described in thespecification of David Molines English Patent, dated 30th January, 1855,No. 227, but has hitherto possessed several objections, which it is theobject of the present invention to overcome.

These objections are as follows: First, the sheets or panes of glasshave to be cut to suit the shape of the boss at the junction, the bossbeing run onto or around the fillet of the sashbar inside the rabbet,and the cost and trouble of glazing are thus increased; second, there isan unsightly appearance presented on the inside of the boss, and it canonly be made of very large size; thirdly, as it is impossible to allowthe glass to pass or overlap at the junctions of the different sash-barsandcross-pieces, the mode of manufacture is not adapted for roof orother circular, angular, or slanting lights.

Now, my invention consists in forming the sash or other bars of whichthe frame of the window or skylight has to be made with projectingportions at a lower level than the rabbet of the bars, and a dovetail inthe fillet or tongue, such projecting portions being situated at everyplace where a junction has to as shown in the annexed drawings. Theseprojecting portions may conveniently be made by giving a bend, turn, ordovetail to the thicker or rabbet portion of the said bars, or byinserting studs or pins into the bars; and the dovetail holes may bemade by punching or otherwise forming a hole in the fillet or tongue.The bars being made in a mold of any desired design in front, butwithout any part to form an objectionable and unsightly back to theboss, the metal for forming the junction is run into the mold, and risesto and embraces or surrounds the bend, turn, dovetail, or projectionbefore named up to the rabbet only of the bar, except in the central ormeeting-points and dovetail of the fillets, where sufficient metal risesto perfect the meeting of the fillets, leaving a continuousbearing-surface or rabbet for the glass into a clean angle or point.

My invention will be fully understood by the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a side view, and Fig. 2 an end view, of a piece of sash-bar,a, the rabbet or thicker portion b of which is formed with a bend, turn,or dovetail, c, and there is also a dovetail hole, d, as aboveexplained. Fig. 3 shows four of these sash-bars placed in the samerelative position as they would occupy in a mold when they have to bejoined together. Fig. 4 shows the same in external view, and Fig. 5 insection after the boss 0 has been formed around their ends, so as toeffect the junction.

It will be seen that the cast metal has risen above the bends c a up tothe rabbet of the bar, and no farther, except into the dovetail holes01, and at the meeting-points, where the space or interval between theends of the bars of, say, one-third of an inch, more or less, is filledup with the metal, so as to perfect the junction.

Figs. 6 and 7 represent the mode of making a half-boss, such as isrequired at the side or top of the window-frame. The side or topsash-bar a may either have abend given to its rabbet b, as beforedescribed, or (as Iprefer) a portion of the rabbet may be cut away, asshown, and one or more studs, 11, be inserted below the line of thefillet and dovetail holes or recesses formed at d d. The end of the bara, to be joined thereto, being placed in posi tion in the mold with thebar a, the cast metal is run in so as to form a half-boss, which extendsonly up to the top line of the fillet b. In making a quarter-boss, suchas is required for the corner of a frame, (see Figs. 8 and 9,) I preferto fit the two bars together by a dove tail or similar joint, as shown,then to place them in a suitable mold and run in the cast metal, so asto surround the studs 01 up to the line of the rabbets b.

Where a portion of the window-frame is required to be capable ofopening, I make the main portion of the frame, as seen in Figs. 10 and11, and the opening portion, as seen in Figs. 12 and 13, so as tocorrespond with, and fit into the main portion hay-'ingdovetail holes.

Frames for skylights and for lights for the roofs of cellars orfloor-gratings are made in the same manner as the frames for windows,except that in the transverse bars or crosspieces a a, (see Figs. 14,15, and 16,) the portion above the molded or rabbet part I) does notexist, so that the glass may pass or overlap at the junctions withoutobstruction. The longitudinal bars a a are each made in one or anynumber of pieces, with the rabbets partly cut away at the junctions andstuds inserted, or with the rabbets bent or turned down, and withdovetail holes, as before described. And in window-frames, also, it willgenerally be found best to make each of the longitudinal bars and thetop and bottom bars in one piece, the transverse or cross pieces beingfitted in between them, and the junctions made as above explained.

Without limiting myself to any particular way of making the mold andcasting the metal, I will describe what I have found to answer best inpractice. A, Figs. 17 and 18, is a lower chill, which I place, as shown,over a pattern consisting of a boss portion, B, of the design desired,in the boss of the window-frame, and of four arms, 0 (1, correspondingwith the sash-bars. The pattern rests on a bed, D, over which the chillfits, and the chill is formed with openings E, to fit over the arms 0 G.The sand for forming the mold is then rammed in from above, so as tofill the chill. F, Figs. 19 and 20, is an upper chill, having gaps G Gto receive a movable piece, H. (Shown separately in Figs. 21 and 22.)This chill, with the piece H therein, is likewise filled with sand. Upona suitable frame or floor I attach, at positions corresponding with thebosses in the Windowframe to be made, a number of frames, such as thatshown at I, in plan, in Fig. 23, and in vertical section in Fig. 24. Iremove the lower chill A, Figs. 17 and 18, from the pattern, and, havingreversed it, place it, with the sand-mold therein, upon one of theframes I, (see Fig. 24,) the recesses K K fitting upon the studs L L, sothat the chill may be in its right position. The four sash-bars M M tobe united are then laid in position, (see Figs. 24 and 25,) the saidbars fitting in the recesses left in the sandmold by the arms 0. I thentake the upper chill F, Figs. 19 and 20, and having removed the piece H,and made a runner or gate, N, in the center, (see Fig. 24,) I place thischill over the chill O, as shown in Fig. 24, the gaps left by the pieceH fitting over the bars M. The liquid metal is then run in by the runneror gate N, and, filling all parts of the mold not occupied by the bars MM, unites these bars and at the same time forms the boss. The methodabove described is adopted at all the various forms of junction, whetherfor half, quarter, or three-quarter bosses, angles, or otherwise, andwhere any number of bars meet.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The manufacture of metallic frames for windows and skylights, byforming the sash or other bars with a part or parts, 0 or d, below theline of the rabbet or molding b, to receive and be held by the castmetalboss 0, which boss extends only up to the said rabbet or molding,substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth and shown.

2. In combination with the part or parts a or 01 below the line of therabbet or molding b, the dovetail holes d 07, substantially as and forthe purpose herein set forth and shown.

In witness whereof I, the said JOSEPH THOMAS HARRIS, have hereunto setmy hand this 28th day of July, one thousand eight hundred andseventy-seven.

JOS. T. HARRIS.

Witnesses:

I. G. N EWBURN,

169 Fleet st., London. GEO. C. BACON,

169 Fleet st., London.

